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Vanuatu: Roi Mata’s sites, a caldera and sand drawings

UNESCO groups three places across Efate, Lelepa and Artok in a property linked to Roi Mata. On Tanna, VMGD describes Yasur within the Yenkahe caldera; UNESCO also records sand drawing as a way to communicate and retain knowledge.

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A dark, steep-sided volcanic cone rising behind a flat grey-black ash plain, with a thick plume of gas and cloud drifting across its upper slope and low green vegetation along the base
Mount Yasur on Tanna, seen across the ash plain, photographed on 12 June 2009.Photograph: Phillip Capper

At a glance

Skeletons reported from the 1967 Retoka excavation
47, according to the Vanuatu Tourism Office[4]
Yasur summit elevation
361 m above sea level[2]
Reported earthquake uplift near Yenkahe
More than 20 m over 300 years[2]

A place worth remembering

Three places linked to Roi Mata

UNESCO groups three sites across Efate, Lelepa and Artok: a residence associated with Roi Mata, a place linked to his death and a mass-burial site. A separate Vanuatu Tourism Office history account reports that José Garanger’s 1967 excavation on Retoka found 47 skeletons.[1][4]

Yasur inside the Yenkahe caldera

VMGD places Yasur within the larger Yenkahe caldera. A fact sheet updated in July 2023 describes the depression as horseshoe-shaped and about 4 km across; it attributes more than 20 m of uplift at Port Resolution Harbour and Yenkahe hill over 300 years to earthquakes in the area.[2]

Sand drawing as a way to carry knowledge

UNESCO’s intangible-heritage record describes sand drawing as a way of communicating across some 80 language groups and as a memory aid for rituals, myths and oral information. It places the practice on Vanuatu’s central and northern islands.[3]

Good to know

A few clear answers before you explore.

What did Garanger’s team find on Retoka?

The Vanuatu Tourism Office account says the 1967 excavation found 47 skeletons.[4]

What does VMGD report earthquakes have raised around Yenkahe?

Its July 2023 fact sheet says Port Resolution Harbour and Yenkahe hill rose by more than 20 m over the past 300 years.[2]

How does UNESCO describe the role of sand drawing?

The record presents it as a way to communicate and preserve knowledge, associated with about 80 language groups in central and northern Vanuatu.[3]

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